Infertility is a condition that affects a significant portion of the global population. In fact, according to data published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in April 2023, approximately one in six people—around 18%—struggles to conceive. This highlights the urgent need for specialized and high-quality medical care for those affected, depending on whether they are dealing with primary or secondary infertility.
Although infertility rates remain relatively consistent across different regions of the world, the upward trend is undeniable. Social changes—especially in Europe—have led many young people to delay starting a family due to personal, professional, or economic reasons.
However, this delay directly conflicts with female reproductive biology, since age is one of the most critical factors affecting female fertility, along with lifestyle habits, hormonal imbalances, and conditions such as endometriosis.
In observance of Infertility Awareness Month, which takes place every June, it is important to distinguish between the two main types of infertility: primary and secondary. Below, we explain each one in detail.
What Is Primary Infertility?
Primary infertility refers to the inability to achieve pregnancy after at least one year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. For women over the age of 35, this period is shortened to six months before medical evaluation is recommended.
This type of infertility is the most common and frequently diagnosed, and it can affect both men and women. However, it is not the only type—secondary infertility is also increasingly prevalent.
What Is Secondary Infertility, and How Is It Different?
Secondary infertility occurs when a couple who has previously had a successful pregnancy is unable to conceive again naturally. This is the key difference from primary infertility.
The causes can be varied and are often linked to factors that arise after the first pregnancy, such as ovulation problems, endometriosis, changes in the physical or emotional health of either partner, aging, unhealthy habits, or poor nutrition.
Treating Secondary Infertility
In many cases, when there are no detectable issues with egg quality, ovarian reserve, or the condition of the fallopian tubes, lifestyle changes can be the key to improving fertility.
Maintaining a healthy diet, getting adequate rest, incorporating moderate physical activity, managing stress, and achieving a balanced body weight are all measures that can significantly increase the chances of conception.
However, if pregnancy still does not occur despite these efforts, it is best to consult a fertility specialist, who can evaluate the situation in detail and recommend the most suitable treatment options.